Treating Bunion Pain with Physiotherapy
Understanding Bunions (Hallux Valgus)
A bunion, medically referred to as hallux valgus, is a deformity that develops at the base joint of the big toe. This condition is characterised by a noticeable bump on the inner side of the foot and a deviation of the big toe towards the second toe. Interestingly, bunions affect around 30% of the population in Western countries, compared to just 3% in Eastern countries. The primary culprit behind bunions is believed to be the habitual wearing of tight-fitting shoes and high heels. Additionally, individuals with flat feet or a family history of bunions are at a higher risk. Initially, the bump is a result of soft tissue swelling caused by irritation from the friction between the toe joint and the shoe. Over time, this can lead to additional bone growth and thickening, resulting in a more pronounced bunion and increased discomfort.
Effective Bunion Treatment
The first step in treating bunions is to evaluate and modify the patient's footwear. Replacing high heels and narrow shoes with flat, cushioned shoes that have a wider toe box can significantly reduce the pressure on the bunion, alleviating some of the irritation. A physiotherapist might also recommend off-the-shelf or custom orthotics to further minimize the load and pressure on the big toe joint.
To manage pain and inflammation, several methods can be employed, including icing, deloading taping techniques, and soft tissue massage. The goal of physiotherapy is not only to alleviate symptoms but also to restore optimal joint range of motion in the foot and ankle, which can contribute to bunion formation. Techniques such as soft tissue massage and dry needling can help restore proper muscle length, particularly in the calf.
Activity modification is another crucial aspect of treatment, allowing inflammation and pain to subside. In some cases, wearing a bunion splint at night can help maintain proper alignment of the big toe joint during sleep. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment of the alignment and stability of the knees and hips will be conducted to ensure holistic treatment.
Strengthening Exercises
Physiotherapists often prescribe strengthening exercises targeting not just the small muscles of the toes and feet, but also focusing on enhancing stability in the pelvis, hips, and knees. These exercises, combined with other treatment methods, can help reduce pain and inflammation while preventing the progression of the valgus deformity.
If you are experiencing pain and discomfort from a bunion, don't hesitate to contact us for an assessment and treatment by one of our skilled chartered physiotherapists. We are here to help you on your path to recovery and improved foot health.
Physiotherapy
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